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Selasa, 05 Oktober 2010

Akibat Pemanasan Global : Bumi Akan Menjadi "Planet yang Asing"



Apakah ini pertanda kiamat sudah semakin dekat?
 Laporan hasil penelitian yang diumumkan oleh "Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Nasional" Amerika menuturkan, bahwa tahun-tahun terakhir ini, suhu di bumi semakin tinggi, sudah mencapai puncak milenium. Ahli meteorology memperingatkan, jika suhu bumi naik 2-3 derajat lagi, maka cuaca bumi dan ekologi saat itu akan mengalami perubahan yang drastis, dan manusia akan menghadapi sebuah bencana kesengsaraan yang tak terhindarkan, bumi akan berubah menjadi "sebuah planet yang benar-benar asing".

Menurut laporan reportase kantor berita luar negeri, tim peneliti yang dipimpin James Hansen dari lembaga penelitian angkasa Amerika menuturkan, bahwa selama 30 tahun terakhir ini kecepatan perubahan panas bumi berlangsung begitu cepat, setiap tahun naik 0.2 °C, menyebabkan suhu mencapai puncak sejak berakhirnya masa gletser pada 12.000 tahun lampau, meskipun selisih 1°C, namun memecahkan rekor terpanas sejak 3 juta tahun.

Meskipun ahli meteorology menuturkan bahwa pemanasan di kawasan sekitar kutub utara dan selatan paling nyata, namun tetap merupakan tempat yang paling dingin di dunia. Sebuah hasil penelitian pada 2003 silam memaparkan, bahwa selama 50 tahun di masa lalu, ada 1.700 jenis hewan dan tumbuhan yang secara bertahap beralih ke dua kutub dengan kecepatan 6.4 km setiap 10 tahun. Jika tidak mengurangi kecepatan pemanasan global, maka akan banyak makhluk hidup mengalami kepunahan.

Penyimpanan energi panas samudera sangat besar, karena itu kecepatan perubahan suhu air lebih lamban dibanding daratan, tapi peneliti mendapati suhu air di barat Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hndia juga secara nyata menjadi panas. Naiknya suhu air samudera, memberi dampak serius pada ekologi samudera, terutama mengancam kehidupan terumbu karang. Terumbu karang merupakan tempat tinggal berbagai macam makhluk hidup samudera. Jika suhu air terlalu tinggi, maka dapat membunuh ganggang laut yang khusus menyuplai makanannya dalam terumbu karang, akibatnya terumbu karang kekurangan makanan. Tahun lalu, terumbu karang di laut Karibia hancur oleh perubahan panas air laut yang tidak biasa, dan angka kematian mencapai 40%.

Hansen menuturkan, bahwa pemanasan global juga mempengaruhi gejala El nino, dan mungkin menyebabkan kekuatan El nino yang rata-rata terjadi 4 tahun sekali semakin dahsyat, akibatnya kondisi abnormal iklim global semakin parah. Pemanasan global terutama karena dampak dari emulsi rumah kaca, yang membuat cuaca semakin panas, dan yang perlu dicela adalah karena "ulah manusia itu sendiri". "kendali iklim global sekarang berada di tangan kita." Hansen memperingatkan, "jika kita tidak berupaya mengurangi gas buang, dan seandainya suhu bumi kembali naik 2°C-3°C, maka bumi ini akan berubah menjadi sebuah planet yang benar-benar asing", dan akibatnya akan tak terbayangkan.

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